Pilippa Mathilda DE TOULOUSE COMTESSE DE PEITIEUS ◉ Sosa : 138 412 125

Pilippa Mathilda DE TOULOUSE COMTESSE DE PEITIEUS

◉ Sosa : 138 412 125

  • dit « Philippie de Toulouse; Felipa Matilde de Toulouse,Philippa de Rouergue,Philippa »
  • Née en 1073 - Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France
  • Décédée le 28 novembre 1117 - Anjou, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France
  • Inhumée en 1118 - Abbaye de Fontevrault, Aquitaine
  • Duchess Consort of Aquitaine, and Countess of Toulouse, Comtesse de Toulouse, Duchesse d'Aquitaine
Partager : Facebook WhatsApp X E-mail

Parents

Union(s) et enfant(s)

Frères et sœurs

Événements

1073 :
Naissance - Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France
1094 :
Autre événement : Mariage - France
Conjoint: Guillaume 'le Troubadour' d'Aquitaine, le Troubadour
28 novembre 1117 :
Décès - Anjou, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France
1118 :
Inhumation - Abbaye de Fontevrault, Aquitaine

Notes

<p><h2 style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: #a2a9b1; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #000000; font-family: &amp;quot; linux libertine&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;times&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 20.93px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 27.2px;
margin-bottom: 5.23px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 20.93px; orphans: 2; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span id="Biographie" class="mw-headline" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color:
#000000; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: &amp;quot; linux libertine&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;times&amp;quot;,serif; font-size:
20.93px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 27.2px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Biographie</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 13.33px; margin-left: 13.33px; -ms-user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right:
3.33px;">[</span><a class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Modifier la section : Biographie" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_de_Toulouse&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1">modifier</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider" style="color: #54595d;"> </p> </span><a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Modifier la section : Biographie" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_de_Toulouse&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1">modifier le code</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 3.33px;">]</span></span></h2> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13.93px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.28px; margin-bottom: 6.96px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6.96px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Son grand-p&egrave;re, le comte <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pons de Toulouse" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pons_de_Toulouse">Pons de Toulouse</a> avait indiqu&eacute; dans son testament que si son fils a&icirc;n&eacute; <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume IV de Toulouse" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_IV_de_Toulouse">Guillaume</a>; d&eacute;c&eacute;dait sans fils, le comt&eacute; de Toulouse et
ses autres biens reviendraient &agrave; son fils cadet <a class="mw-redirect" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none;
background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raymond IV de Toulouse" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_IV_de_Toulouse">Raymond de Saint-Gilles</a>. C&rsquo;est ce qui arrive en 1094, quand Guillaume meurt au cours d&rsquo;un <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="P&egrave;lerinage de J&eacute;rusalem" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8lerinage_de_J%C3%A9rusalem">p&egrave;lerinage en Terre Sainte</a>.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13.93px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.28px; margin-bottom: 6.96px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6.96px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Son oncle la marie<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="font-size: 9.26px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 9.26px; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_de_Toulouse#cite_note-3">3</a></sup>; peu apr&egrave;s &agrave; <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume IX d'Aquitaine" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_IX_d%27Aquitaine">Guillaume IX le Troubadour</a> (v. 1070 &dagger; 1127), <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Liste des ducs d'Aquitaine" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_ducs_d%27Aquitaine">duc d&rsquo;Aquitaine</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Liste des ducs de Gascogne" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_ducs_de_Gascogne">de Gascogne</a> et <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Liste des comtes de Poitiers" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_comtes_de_Poitiers">comte de Poitiers</a>. De ce mariage sont n&eacute;s&nbsp;:</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13.93px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229.5%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%2300528c%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E); list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 22.29px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 4.18px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 1.39px;"><a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume X d'Aquitaine" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_X_d%27Aquitaine">Guillaume X</a> (1099 &dagger; 1137), duc d'Aquitaine, de Gascogne et comte de Poitiers.</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 1.39px;"><a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y:
0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raymond de Poitiers" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_de_Poitiers">Raymond de Poitiers</a>, prince d'Antioche</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 1.39px;">une fille peut-&ecirc;tre pr&eacute;nomm&eacute;e <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color:
transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Agn&egrave;s de Poitiers (1103-1159)" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_de_Poitiers_(1103-1159)">Agn&egrave;s de Poitiers</a>, mari&eacute;e &agrave; <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aimery V de Thouars" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimery_V_de_Thouars">Aimery V</a> (&dagger; 1127), <a class="mw-redirect" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Liste des vicomtes de Thouars" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_vicomtes_de_Thouars">vicomte de Thouars</a>, puis &agrave; <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ramire II d'Aragon" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramire_II_d%27Aragon">Ramire II le Moine</a> (1083 &dagger; 1157) <a class="mw-redirect" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Liste des rois d'Aragon" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_rois_d%27Aragon">roi d&rsquo;Aragon</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: 1.39px;">quatre filles, cit&eacute;es mais non nomm&eacute;es par la chronique de Saint Maxence. L&rsquo;une d&rsquo;entre elles peut &ecirc;tre Philippe, mari&eacute;e &agrave; H&eacute;lie de P&eacute;rigord</li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13.93px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.28px; margin-bottom: 6.96px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6.96px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">En 1098, Guillaume profite de l&rsquo;&eacute;loignement de Raymond de Saint-Gilles et des imprudences de son fils <a class="mw-redirect" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bertrand de Tripoli" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_de_Tripoli">Bertrand</a>; pour occuper le comt&eacute; de Toulouse, qu&rsquo;il revendique au nom de sa femme, mais Bertrand profite du d&eacute;part en croisade de ce dernier pour reprendre Toulouse. Guillaume tente de prendre encore Toulouse de 1113 &agrave; 1119, profitant de la jeunesse d&rsquo;Alphonse Jourdain, sans plus de succ&egrave;s durable.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13.93px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.28px; margin-bottom: 6.96px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6.96px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">En 1115, Guillaume le Troubadour s&rsquo;&eacute;prend de Maubergeonne de l&rsquo;Isle-Bouchard, &eacute;pouse d&rsquo;un de ses vassaux, <a class="new" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Aymeric Ier de Ch&acirc;tellerault (page inexistante)" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aymeric_Ier_de_Ch%C3%A2tellerault&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Aymeric I<sup style="line-height: 9.6px;">er</sup></a>, <a class="new" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Liste des
vicomtes de Ch&acirc;tellerault (page inexistante)" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liste_des_vicomtes_de_Ch%C3%A2tellerault&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">vicomte de Chatellerault</a>, et r&eacute;pudie Philippe qui se retire dans un couvent. Elle meurt le 28 novembre 1117. Guillaume, excommuni&eacute; par le pape, ne pourra pas &eacute;pouser sa ma&icirc;tresse pour autant, car
celle-ci reste mari&eacute;e. Les droits de Philippe sur le comt&eacute; de Toulouse ne sont pas oubli&eacute;s pour autant, car sa petite-fille <a class="mw-redirect" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ali&eacute;nor d&rsquo;Aquitaine" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%C3%A9nor_d%E2%80%99Aquitaine">Ali&eacute;nor</a>;, <a
class="mw-redirect" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Reine de France" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reine_de_France">reine de France</a> par son mariage avec <a class="mw-redirect" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin:
padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Louis VII de France" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VII_de_France">Louis VII</a> tenta par la suite d&rsquo;en faire la conqu&ecirc;te en 1141. Le second mari d'Ali&eacute;nor, <a class="mw-redirect" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Henri II d'Angleterre" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_II_d%27Angleterre">Henri II Plantagen&ecirc;t</a>, et leur fils <a class="mw-redirect" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Richard Ier d'Angleterre" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Ier_d%27Angleterre">Richard C&oelig;ur de Lion</a> tentent &eacute;galement d'annexer le <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Comt&eacute; de Toulouse" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Toulouse">comt&eacute; de Toulouse</a>.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13.93px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.28px; margin-bottom: 6.96px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6.96px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="need_ref" style="border-bottom-color: #aaaaaa; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; cursor: help;" title="Ce passage n&eacute;cessite une r&eacute;f&eacute;rence.">Jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; la fin du <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="XVIe si&egrave;cle" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVIe_si%C3%A8cle"><abbr class="abbr" style="border-bottom-color: #0645ad; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: help; text-decoration: none;" title="16ᵉ si&egrave;cle"><span class="romain" style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">XVI</span><sup style="font-size: 8.33px; line-height: 8.33px;">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle</a>, le pr&eacute;nom de Philippe est aussi un
pr&eacute;nom f&eacute;minin. La forme f&eacute;minis&eacute;e de ce pr&eacute;nom, Philippa, la plus couramment utilis&eacute;e actuellement, n&rsquo;appara&icirc;t qu&rsquo;au <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="XVIIe si&egrave;cle" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle"><abbr class="abbr" style="border-bottom-color: #0645ad; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: help; text-decoration: none;" title="17ᵉ si&egrave;cle"><span class="romain" style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">XVII</span><sup style="font-size: 8.33px; line-height: 8.33px;">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle</a> en Angleterre et au <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="XIXe si&egrave;cle" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle"><abbr class="abbr" style="border-bottom-color: #0645ad; border-bottom-style:
none; border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: help; text-decoration: none;" title="19ᵉ si&egrave;cle"><span class="romain" style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">XIX</span><sup style="font-size: 8.33px; line-height: 8.33px;">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle</a> en France. La forme Philippine, elle, appara&icirc;t en d&eacute;but du <a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="XVIIIe si&egrave;cle" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle"><abbr class="abbr" style="border-bottom-color: #0645ad; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: help; text-decoration: none;" title="18ᵉ si&egrave;cle"><span class="romain" style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size: 8.33px; line-height: 8.33px;">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle</a>.</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="line-height: 9.6px; padding-left: 2px;"><a style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aide:R&eacute;f&eacute;rence n&eacute;cessaire" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire">[r&eacute;f.&nbsp;n</a></sup></p>; <p>&nbsp;</p>

Voir dans l'arbre